Diagnosis of mesothelioma usually begins with a review a patient’s medical history, particularly to determine whether there has been a history of asbestos exposure. Following the review, doctors typically perform physical examinations, lung function tests, imaging scans, and other procedures to determine signs pointing to mesothelioma cancer.

X-Ray Mesothelioma Diagnostics

Taking a chest x-ray is usually one of the first mesothelioma diagnosis procedures undertaken. An x-ray will usually reveal whether there is any buildup of fluid in the mesothelium, called pleural effusion. A chest x-ray may also reveal the location of any tumors, if present, and whether any masses have spread to other nearby areas of the body. Other diseases, including lung cancer and pneumonia can also be brought to light by taking an x-ray.

CT/MRI Mesothelioma Diagnostics

X-rays are typically followed up with a CT Scan (Computed Tomography) or MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging). CT scans utilize x-rays as well, but take multiple images to produce a three dimensional result of the part being scanned. In some CT scan procedures, dyes are injected intravenously to help improve the contrast of the imaging. MRI technology uses magnets and radio waves to generate internal images of the body. MRI’s typically take longer than CT Scans but produce much higher detail for soft tissue. They are also typically superior to CT Scans when it comes to identifying and detecting tumors.

Pleural Mesothelioma Diagnosis by Thoracoscopy

If the possibility of pleural mesothelioma is suspected from initial scans, thoracoscopy is usually performed. Thoracoscopy is a surgical procedure involving the use of a thoracoscope, a special viewing instrument, that is inserted into the chest through the ribs that allows a surgeon to visually inspect the pleural cavity. If any tumors or other abnormal growths are discovered, the surgeon will remove, or biopsy, a sample of the tissue for further examination under a microscope.

Peritoneal Mesothelioma Diagnosis by Peritoneoscopy

In situations of suspected peritoneal mesothelioma, surgeons may perform a procedure similar to thoracoscopy but instead examine the abdominal cavity through the use of a peritoneoscope. This procedure is called peritoneoscopy. A sample is also collected through a biopsy for further examination. If there is a buildup of fluid, surgeons can drain the excess accumulation and will also analyze the fluid for abnormal cells and properties.

Mesothelioma Diagnosis by Pathology

After tissue samples are collected from other thoracoscopy or peritoneoscopy through biopsy, pathologists will examine the tissue to determine whether the cells are benign or malignant. Cells are observed for their shape and other characteristics of their appearance. Staining and other chemical tests may also be used to help with mesothelioma diagnosis.